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Space Adventures
From Dennis Tito in 2001 through Guy Laliberté in 2009—and again with Yusaku Maezawa and Yozo Hirano in 2021—privately arranged Soyuz seats opened the International to short-duration participants outside traditional astronaut corps.
- Missions
- 9
- People
- 33
- Vehicles
- 9
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The first privately arranged journeys to orbit
From Dennis Tito in 2001 through Guy Laliberté in 2009—and again with Yusaku Maezawa and Yozo Hirano in 2021—privately arranged Soyuz seats opened the International to short-duration participants outside traditional astronaut corps.
Program details2001–2021Roscosmos · Space Adventures · ISS partnership · 2001–2021
Flight record9 flights9 crewed · 0 uncrewed
First flown missionSoyuz TM-32April 28, 2001
Latest flown missionSoyuz MS-20December 8, 2021
Core capabilities
Program story
Dennis Tito's April 2001 flight established a new category of human spaceflight. He trained for Soyuz operations, launched with a Russian taxi crew, spent nearly eight days in space, and returned in the station's previous Soyuz vehicle.
Six more privately funded participants followed during the era when Soyuz taxi and crew-rotation logistics made short visits possible. Their missions combined personal objectives with science, education, photography, cultural projects, and public engagement aboard the ISS.
After a twelve-year pause, Soyuz MS-20 carried Yusaku Maezawa and Yozo Hirano with professional commander Alexander Misurkin in December 2021. The dedicated short-duration flight revived commercially arranged Soyuz visits in a different operational form.