AstronautAtlas
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Program archive
Planetary science
Planetary science is explored here through 16 archived missions, from Galileo through ESCAPADE, with the program’s spacecraft, people, milestones, and source-backed history connected along the way.
- Missions
- 16
- People
- 0
- Vehicles
- 16
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Choose a path through the Planetary science archive.
Planetary science spacecraft
16 mission-specific spacecraft and test articles, plus 0 launch systems and shared hardware records.
Showing vehicles 1–12 of 16
Mars roverNovember 26, 2011Curiosity Mars rover
Curiosity Mars rover launched at 1,982 pounds (899 kilograms) for the rover and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Mars astrobiology and sample-caching roverJuly 30, 2020Perseverance Mars rover
Perseverance Mars rover launched at about 2,260 pounds (1,025 kilograms) for the rover and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Mars orbiterAugust 12, 2005Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft launched at about 4,806 pounds (2,180 kilograms) and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with University of Arizona and international instrument teams.
Vesta and Ceres orbiterSeptember 27, 2007Dawn ion-propelled spacecraft
Dawn ion-propelled spacecraft launched at about 2,684 pounds (1,217 kilograms) and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with German and Italian instrument partners.
Multiple-asteroid flyby spacecraftOctober 16, 2021Lucy asteroid-flyby spacecraft
Lucy asteroid-flyby spacecraft launched at about 3,420 pounds (1,550 kilograms) and operated under NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Southwest Research Institute.
Pluto and Kuiper Belt flyby spacecraftJanuary 19, 2006New Horizons spacecraft
New Horizons spacecraft launched at 1,054 pounds (478 kilograms) and operated under NASA and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.
Asteroid sample-return and extended-mission spacecraftSeptember 8, 2016OSIRIS-REx sample-return spacecraft
OSIRIS-REx sample-return spacecraft launched at about 4,650 pounds (2,110 kilograms) fueled and operated under NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin.
Mars orbiterApril 7, 20012001 Mars Odyssey orbiter
2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter launched at about 1,600 pounds (725 kilograms) and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Arizona State University.
Saturn orbiter and Titan atmospheric landerOctober 15, 1997Cassini orbiter and Huygens Titan probe
Cassini orbiter and Huygens Titan probe launched at 12,593 pounds (5,712 kilograms) fueled with Huygens and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, European Space Agency, and Italian Space Agency.
Twin Mars magnetosphere and atmospheric-escape orbitersNovember 13, 2025ESCAPADE Blue and Gold orbiters
Blue and Gold are identical compact Mars orbiters built as a coordinated observing pair.
Jupiter orbiter and atmospheric probeOctober 18, 1989Galileo orbiter and atmospheric probe
Galileo orbiter and atmospheric probe launched at about 5,250 pounds (2,380 kilograms) for orbiter and probe and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with international instrument partners.
Mars geophysics landerMay 5, 2018InSight Mars lander
InSight Mars lander launched at about 790 pounds (358 kilograms) landed and operated under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with French, German, and international partners.