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Commercial Orbital Spaceflight
Inspiration4, Polaris Dawn, and Fram2 turned reusable Crew Dragon free flights into a sequence of increasingly ambitious private missions—from the first all-civilian orbital crew to a commercial and the first human .
- Missions
- 16
- People
- 57
- Vehicles
- 13
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Commercial Orbital Spaceflight vehicles
13 mission-specific spacecraft and test articles, plus 0 launch systems and shared hardware records.
Showing vehicles 1–12 of 13
Reusable Crew Dragon spacecraftApril 8, 2022Crew Dragon Endeavour
Crew Dragon Endeavour is a reusable SpaceX crew spacecraft used for NASA crew rotations and Axiom Mission 1, the first all-private astronaut mission to the International Space Station.
Reusable Crew Dragon spacecraftMarch 31, 2025Crew Dragon Resilience
Crew Dragon Resilience is a reusable SpaceX crew spacecraft whose flights connect NASA's Crew-1 mission with three landmark private orbital missions: Inspiration4, Polaris Dawn, and Fram2.
Reusable Crew Dragon spacecraftJanuary 18, 2024Crew Dragon Freedom
Crew Dragon Freedom is a reusable SpaceX crew spacecraft used for NASA crew rotation and the Axiom Mission 2 and Axiom Mission 3 private astronaut flights to the International Space Station.
Reusable Crew Dragon spacecraftJune 25, 2025Crew Dragon Grace
Crew Dragon Grace is a reusable SpaceX crew spacecraft that made its first flight on Axiom Mission 4, carrying a multinational private astronaut crew to the International Space Station in 2025.
Soyuz crew-transport flightDecember 8, 2021Soyuz MS-20 flight vehicle
Soyuz MS-20 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz MS-20.
Soyuz crew-transport flightApril 28, 2001Soyuz TM-32 flight vehicle
Soyuz TM-32 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TM-32.
Soyuz crew-transport flightApril 25, 2002Soyuz TM-34 flight vehicle
Soyuz TM-34 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TM-34.
Soyuz crew-transport flightApril 7, 2007Soyuz TMA-10 flight vehicle
Soyuz TMA-10 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TMA-10.
Soyuz crew-transport flightOctober 12, 2008Soyuz TMA-13 flight vehicle
Soyuz TMA-13 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TMA-13.
Soyuz crew-transport flightMarch 26, 2009Soyuz TMA-14 flight vehicle
Soyuz TMA-14 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TMA-14.
Soyuz crew-transport flightSeptember 30, 2009Soyuz TMA-16 flight vehicle
Soyuz TMA-16 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TMA-16.
Soyuz crew-transport flightOctober 1, 2005Soyuz TMA-7 flight vehicle
Soyuz TMA-7 flight vehicle is the mission-specific spacecraft record for Soyuz TMA-7.