Program archive

Buran

Buran combined piloted atmospheric testing with an uncrewed orbital demonstration that completed two orbits and the first fully automatic runway landing by an orbital spaceplane.

Missions: 2
People: 6
Vehicles: 4

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Buran vehicles

1 mission-specific spacecraft and test articles, plus 2 launch systems and shared hardware records.

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Reusable Soviet orbital spaceplane

Buran orbiter

Buran orbiter supported Buran 1K1 in the Buran program.

Soviet super-heavy expendable launch vehicle

Energia

Energia supported Buran 1K1 in the Buran program.

Jet-powered atmospheric Buran flight-test vehicleFirst flight November 10, 1985

OK-GLI

OK-GLI supported Buran OK-GLI Atmospheric Flight-Test Program in the Buran program.