Ax-1 became the first all-private astronaut mission to the International Space Station in April 2022. Its four-person crew trained for hundreds of hours, flew Crew Dragon Endeavour, and completed a broad research and outreach program during an extended station visit.

Ax-2 paired veteran commander Peggy Whitson with pilot John Shoffner and Saudi mission specialists Rayyanah Barnawi and Ali AlQarni. Ax-3 expanded the model into a multinational European flight, while Ax-4 connected the program with national astronaut initiatives in India, Poland, and Hungary.

Together the missions show the ISS serving as both a government laboratory and a proving ground for commercially organized human spaceflight. Axiom supplies mission integration and training, SpaceX supplies transportation, and NASA and the station partnership provide the destination and operating framework.